什么是水星凌日

shenmejiaoshuixinglingri，shiyinweishuixingheyuzhouderaoriyunzuoluguimeiyouxiangtongpingmiantushang，zhishiyouge7dudeqingxiejiao。liangzhezhineng2gexiangjiaodian：shengxiangjiaodianyujiangxiangjiaodian。yiner，zhinengshuixingchuzailuguishangdezhei2gexiangjiaodianzhoubian，errishuidisangeyouzhenghaopailiechengzheitiaopingxingxianshi，zaiyuzhoushangnenggouguanchadaotaiyangguangshangdai1gexiaohuangbanzaichihuannuodong，zheizhongqingkuangchengzhiweishuixinglingri。

一、水星凌日基本原理

shuixinglingrijibenyuanliyurishileisi。yinweishuixingheyuzhouderaoriyunzuoluguimeiyouxiangtongpingmiantushang，zhishiyouge7dudeqingxiejiao。liangzhezhineng2gexiangjiaodian:shengxiangjiaodianyujiangxiangjiaodian。yiner，zhinengshuixingchuzailuguishangdezhei2gexiangjiaodianzhoubian，errishuidisangeyouzhenghaopailiechengzheitiaopingxingxianshi，zaiyuzhoushangnenggouguanchadaotaiyangguangshangdai1gexiaohuangbanzaichihuannuodong，zheizhongqingkuangchengzhiweishuixinglingri。xiaohuangbanshiyinweishuixingzhedangletaiyangguangshexiangyuzhoudebufenguangerchanshengde。

yuzhoulinian5yue8ciqianhoulijingshuixingluguidejiangxiangjiaodian，linian11yue10ciqianhouyoulijingshuixingluguideshengxiangjiaodian。yinci，shuixinglingrizhiyouchanshengzaizheili2geshijiandeqianhouzuoyou。shuixinglingrichanshengzai5yue（jiangxiangjiaodian）bichanshengzai11yue（shengxiangjiaodian）shaodeduo。

 shuixingraotaiyangguangyunzuodezhouqishijianwei88tian，keshiyinweishuixingheyuzhoudezizhuanluguicunyoubixudejiaojiao，shuixing、taiyangguang、yuzhoufeichangshaohuipaixuzaizheitiaopingxingxianshang。yinerzheileishuixinglingridetianwenxianxiangmeixinshijizongshichuxian13.4ci。

shenmejiaoshuixinglingri，zheishizheizhongtianwenxianxiang。shuixinglingrijibenyuanlishidangshuixingyunzuozhiyuzhouhetaiyangguangzhongjian，jiarusangekeyilianjiechengpingxingxian，bianhuizaochengshuixinglingrizhuangkuang。guanchashihoufajueyihuiheisexiaoyuandianhengzheyueguotaiyangguangyuanmian，huiheisexiaoyuandianjiushishuoshuixingdetoushe。shuixinglingrichanshengzaiwuyuefenchuhuo11yuechu，junzhimeibainianlaochuxianshisancishuixinglingridezhuangkuang。

二、水星凌日的特性

1、shuixingjianjuyuzhouzhineng8415wanqianmi，bichanshengzai11yuedeshuixinglingrijin1737wanqianmi。

2、shuixingshizhijingwei12jiaomiao，bichanshengzai11yuedeshuixinglingridawufenzhier。

3、shizhijing，shuixingyutaiyangguangduibi，wei1bi158；er11yuedeshuixinglingri，wei1bi193。yiner，bulunshiguanchahuanshipaisheshuixinglingri，2003nianquanshinannengkeguidehaoshiji。

三、水星凌日的观察历史时间

zairenleidelishishang，chuciyugaoshuixinglingrishi“daxingxingjianshenyundongjidajibendinglv”defaxianzhe，faguokexuejiakaipule（1571zhi1630nian）。tazai1629nianyuyan：1631nian11yue7 rijiangchanshengxinqitianwenxianxiang——shuixinglingri。dangtian，helankexuejiajiasangdizaimosikeqinyankandaodaoyouyigexiaoheidian（shuixing）zairibiaomianyoudongxiangxihuanhuannuodong。cong1631nianzhi2003nian，gongchuxian50cishuixinglingri，zaiqizhong，chanshengzai11yuedeyou35ci，chanshengzai5yuedejinyou15ci。

zaiwangyanjingchuangzaofamingyiqian，shuixinglingrishimeifashoukande。helankexuejiapier-jiasangdiyu1631nianchucifajuezheiyizhuangkuang,tadeguanchajieguojiezhebeizhengshinenggouyongyijingqueceliangtaiyangxixingxingzhongjiandechidudajianju，baohanridijulideng。

zaishuixinglingrichanshengshi，renmennenggoukanjianshuixingxiang1gexiaoheidianxiangtongcongtaiyangguangbiaocengjianjiandipaguo。yuanyishoukanshuixinglingriwubiliuyiyaozaiwangyanjingshanganzhuangfangtaiyangfusheliangjing，huoshijiangguanchatuxiangchuandaoxianshiqishangshoukan，buranhuiduiyanjingshilihuidaozhibijiaoyanzhongsunhai。zaibencishuixinglingriquanguochengzhong，xiaweiyidaxuetianwenxuexuexiaojiangguanchashuixingjiaoxikongqizhongdenahanshuiliang。chucizhiwai，laiyuanyuribenguo、yingguo、ouzhoudengguojiadehaojigehangtianqijiangkaizhanquanxiangenzong。

renleidelishishangweiyiyihuixiangshuixingfashedianyuzhoufeichuanshizai1974zhi1975nian。yingguode“shuixingxinshi”haotanceyijiangzai2009niandaodashuixing。