北方天空中最醒目、最重要的星座：大熊星座

 daxiongxingzuo（ursa major，uma）shibeitianshierxingzuoqiyi，zuoluoyuxiaoxiongzuo、xiaoshizuozhoubian，yuxianhouzuoxiangduixing。chuntianheshiguancha，shizhimingdebeidouqixingsuoshuxingzuochuanshuo。

 zaiyuzhoushangbuyiyangweidudediyu，nenggoujiandaodexingzuogushishibutongde。zaibeiweidu40°zuoyoudediyu，yejiushishuobeijingshiheguxilawangbeidediqu，chunxiaqiudongnenggoukandaodaxiongxingzuo。danshi，chuchun，daxiongxingzuoyijingbeitiandegaochu，shiyiniansijizhongshoukantaquanjingtudeshijijie。

 daxiongxingzuo24xiaoshizongmianjiweizuihou，jincizhangshezuoheshinvzuo。yinweibeidouqixing（congdaxiongxingzuoαdaodaxiongxingzuoη，quchudaxiongxingzuoδshisandengxingwai，lingyige6kexingjunshi2dengzuoyoudeliangxing）decunyou，daxiongxingzuojianghuishi24xiaoshizuizhimingdexingzuochuanshuole。beidouxingdetou2gexingαheβ，zhenduixunzhaobeijixingjubeibiaoshigongxiao，zheiliangxingdelianxianlijipianxiangbeitianji。

 shaobingdedierkexing（daxiongxingzuoζ）shishishangshipengcheng，genjurenyanrenmenjiunenggoukanjian1ge4dengdebanxingalcor。genjuzhongxiaoxingwangyanjingrenmenkeyijiandaoaijindaxiongxingzuoζdelingyigeyikexing，tadoushi4dengxing。ershishishangzhei3kexingyougeshi1geshuangxingxitong，yiner，tashi1geliuxingxitongruanjian。lingwaiquweideshidaxiongxingzuoξ，tashi1geyou2gedanhuangsexingxinggouchengdeshuangxingxitong，bicizhijianyi60nianweizhouqishijiankaizhanjianshenyundong。gaizuoyou2gexuanwoxingxi：8dengm81he9dengdem101。

 zaigudaizhongguoxingzuogushi，badaxiongxingzuozhongdeqikeliangxingkanzuoyigeshaozideyangzi，zheijiushishuorenmenchangshuodebeidouqixing。wojuede，shoukandaxiongxingzuoshi，tangshaodeyangzibixiongdepinpaixingxianggengfeichangrongyibeikanchuqu。tangshaochunxiaqiudongdouhuitiankong，buyiyangshijieshaobadepianxiangyouzhuanbian，zhenghaoshigejijiezhi1gefangwei。

 yonggudairendehuaeryanjiushishuo：“doubingdongzhi，tiandijiechun；doubingnanzhi，tiandijiexia；doubingxizhi，tiandijieqiu；doubingbeizhi，tiandijiedong”。shiqianshidaimeiyourilibiao，dajiajiuyongzheileifangfagusuanyiniansiji。huoxu，yinweidiqiudezizhuan，wubishiyelijiudianduonenggoujiandaozheiyizhuangkuang。

 daxiongxingzuohaowuyiwenshibeifangdiqutianshangzhongzuixianyan、zuiguanjiandeshierxingzuo，ziguyilaishijiegeguodekexuejiadouhengaoduzhongshita。renmenchangshuo“mantianxingdou”，kandejianwomenzhongguorenzhenshibabeidouxitongzuoweitiankongjuxingdedaichengle。

 gudaizhongguokexuejiajibeidouqixingdemeiyikedouzhuanyeqilexingming，bingqiehaifeichangbadoushendeα、β、γ、δsikexingchengzuo“kui”。kuijiushishuochuanshuogushizhongdewenquxing，gushihou，zheishifuzerenkaotideshen。zaikejukaoshishiqi，baomingcanjiakejuzhidushipinhanrenjiazinvhuodepiaoliangdeweiyifangfa。meidaodakao，huiyouxuduojuziningwangbeidouxitong，momodiqidao，qidaikeyiputonggaozhong。